Francisco de Vitoria

Francisco de Vitoria was a Spanish philosopher and theologian in the 16th century, known as a foundational figure in international law and human rights. He argued for the rights of Indigenous peoples in the Americas, challenging the justification for Spanish colonialism. Vitoria emphasized that all humans have natural rights, regardless of their culture or religion. His ideas helped lay the groundwork for modern concepts of justice, sovereignty, and the ethical treatment of nations and individuals. He is often regarded as one of the earliest proponents of international legal principles that advocate for peace and respect among peoples.