Fortification and Siegecraft

Fortification refers to the construction of defensive structures, like walls and bastions, designed to protect against attacks, especially during the age of gunpowder warfare. These structures were built to withstand artillery bombardments. Siegecraft, on the other hand, involves the tactics and methods used to besiege fortified positions, often employing cannons and gunpowder to breach defenses or starve the defenders. Both concepts were crucial in military strategy, as fortifications shaped battlefield dynamics and siegecraft determined how armies would overcome these defenses, ultimately impacting the outcomes of conflicts during this period.