file allocation

File allocation refers to the way a computer organizes and stores files on its storage devices, like hard drives or SSDs. Just as a library has a system to keep books in order, file allocation systems determine where files go on the drive, ensuring they can be found and accessed efficiently. Common methods include contiguous allocation (storing a file in one continuous block) and fragmented allocation (storing a file in different parts across the drive). Effective file allocation enhances performance, minimizes wasted space, and helps avoid issues like file fragmentation, which can slow down access times.