ext4 file system specification

The ext4 file system is a modern storage format used in Linux operating systems to organize and manage files on hard drives and SSDs. It improves upon earlier versions by supporting larger files and partitions, offering better performance and reliability. Key features include journaling (which helps prevent data loss during crashes), faster access to files, and improved efficiency with disk space. It also allows for advanced functionalities like delayed allocation and multi-block allocation, making it suitable for everything from personal computers to servers handling large amounts of data. In essence, ext4 enhances speed, security, and data integrity.