Evidence and Confirmation

Evidence and confirmation in the context of causation in science refer to the data and observations that support a cause-and-effect relationship. Evidence consists of facts, measurements, or experiments that suggest one event influences another. Confirmation occurs when multiple lines of evidence consistently point to the same conclusion, adding credibility to the proposed causal link. Together, they help scientists distinguish between correlation (where two things occur together) and genuine causation (where one event directly impacts another), ensuring scientific claims are based on reliable and repeatable findings.