ENSO (El Niño-Southern Oscillation)

The El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is a climate pattern that describes variations in ocean temperatures and atmospheric conditions across the central and eastern Pacific Ocean. It includes two phases: El Niño, characterized by warmer ocean temperatures, and La Niña, marked by cooler temperatures. These changes can lead to significant impacts on global weather, influencing rainfall, storms, and temperatures. For example, El Niño can cause wetter conditions in some areas while leading to droughts in others. ENSO events typically occur every few years and play a crucial role in shaping the Earth's climate and weather systems.