Endoplasmic reticulum stress

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress occurs when the cell's ER, which helps fold and assemble proteins, becomes overwhelmed or damaged. This imbalance can result from various factors, including high protein demand, toxins, or genetic mutations. When ER stress happens, the cell tries to restore normal function by activating stress responses, but if these measures fail, it can lead to cell dysfunction or death. This process is linked to several diseases, including diabetes, neurodegenerative disorders, and cancer, making it a significant area of research for understanding and treating these conditions.