PERK (PKR-like ER kinase)

PERK (PKR-like ER kinase) is an enzyme in cells that detects stress in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), a structure responsible for protein folding. When misfolded or excess proteins accumulate, PERK activates by phosphorylating a molecule called eIF2α, which reduces the overall production of new proteins. This response helps the cell manage stress and prevents damage. If the stress persists, PERK can also initiate processes leading to cell survival or programmed cell death, maintaining cellular health. In summary, PERK acts as a sensor and regulator to maintain balance in protein production during cellular stress.