Encapsulation

Encapsulation is a concept where information or data is bundled together with the methods that operate on it, restricting access to certain components. This idea is commonly applied in computing and programming but can also extend to everyday systems. For example, in a car, the engine (data) is encapsulated within the hood, and drivers interact through controls (methods) without needing to understand the complex workings inside. Encapsulation helps protect the integrity of data, ensures controlled access, and simplifies interaction by reducing complexity for users, fostering a clearer separation between an object’s internal state and its external interface.