Edwardian Conquest of Wales

The Edwardian Conquest of Wales refers to the military campaign led by King Edward I of England during the late 13th century, aimed at annexing Wales into the English crown. After the death of the Welsh prince Llewelyn ap Gruffudd, Edward launched a series of invasions between 1277 and 1283. The conquest resulted in the defeat of Welsh forces and the establishment of a series of castles, like Caernarfon and Conwy, to secure English control. This expansion integrated Wales politically and culturally into England, significantly shaping Welsh identity and governance for centuries to come.