Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors

Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors are a class of medications used primarily to treat type 2 diabetes. They work by blocking the DPP-4 enzyme, which breaks down hormones that help regulate blood sugar levels. By inhibiting this enzyme, DPP-4 inhibitors increase the levels of these beneficial hormones, leading to improved insulin release and reduced sugar production by the liver. This helps lower blood sugar levels after meals. These medications are often prescribed alongside diet and exercise and are known for their relatively low risk of causing low blood sugar (hypoglycemia).