Dhimmi

A Dhimmi refers to non-Muslims living in an Islamic state who are granted protection and certain rights in exchange for paying a tax called "jizya." Historically, this status allowed them to practice their religion and maintain their community, albeit with some social and legal restrictions. The concept emerged during early Islamic conquests and aimed to establish coexistence between Muslims and other religious groups, such as Christians and Jews. While Dhimmi status granted certain protections, it also highlighted the hierarchical nature of the relationship between Muslims and non-Muslims in Islamic societies.