CpG islands
CpG islands are regions of DNA that are rich in cytosine and guanine nucleotides, specifically where a cytosine is followed by a guanine. These areas are often found near gene promoters and are important for regulating gene activity. In normal cells, they are typically unmethylated, allowing genes to be expressed. However, in certain diseases like cancer, these islands can become methylated, which can silence genes that normally prevent tumor growth. Understanding CpG islands helps researchers explore gene regulation and the mechanisms behind various diseases.
Additional Insights
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CpG islands are regions of DNA where a high frequency of cytosine (C) and guanine (G) nucleotides are found next to each other, particularly in a specific sequence. They are often located near gene promoters, which are the starting points for gene expression. CpG islands play a crucial role in the regulation of genes; when they are methylated (a chemical modification), the associated genes can be turned off. This process is important for normal development and can influence various biological processes, including cancer and other diseases. Overall, CpG islands are key players in genetic regulation.