Climatic effects of volcanic eruptions

Volcanic eruptions can significantly impact the climate by releasing large amounts of ash and gases, particularly sulfur dioxide, into the atmosphere. This can create a aerosol layer that reflects sunlight, leading to temporary cooling of the Earth's surface. For example, the 1991 eruption of Mount Pinatubo caused a notable global temperature drop for several years. Additionally, volcanic gases can contribute to acid rain and affect air quality. While the cooling effects are usually short-lived, they can disrupt weather patterns and have lasting effects on agriculture and ecosystems.