El Niño-Southern Oscillation

El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is a natural climate pattern involving fluctuating ocean temperatures and atmospheric conditions in the central and eastern Pacific Ocean. During El Niño, warmer surface waters disrupt typical weather patterns, often causing droughts, heavy rains, and storms worldwide. La Niña is its opposite, featuring cooler ocean temperatures and different weather impacts. These cycles usually occur every 2 to 7 years, influencing global weather, agriculture, and ecosystems. ENSO is driven by interactions between the ocean and atmosphere, making it a key factor in understanding and predicting climate variability.