ash clouds

Ash clouds are dense, dark plumes of volcanic ash that rise into the atmosphere during an eruption. Composed of tiny fragments of rock, mineral particles, and glass created when magma erupts and cools rapidly, these clouds can spread over large areas with wind. They pose serious hazards: they can cause respiratory issues, damage aircraft engines, and reduce visibility. The ash settles onto the ground, affecting landscapes and climate temporarily. Monitoring ash clouds is crucial for aviation safety and public health, using satellite imagery, radar, and weather models to predict their movement and impact.