Chronic total occlusion (CTO)

Chronic total occlusion (CTO) refers to a complete blockage of a coronary artery that has lasted for at least three months. This blockage prevents blood from reaching parts of the heart muscle, potentially leading to heart problems. CTOs can result from the buildup of fatty deposits and plaque in the arteries, a condition known as atherosclerosis. While some people may not experience noticeable symptoms, CTOs can limit heart function and increase the risk of heart attacks. Treatment options include medication, lifestyle changes, and procedures like angioplasty and stenting to restore blood flow.