Chromosome Biology

Chromosome biology is the study of chromosomes, which are thread-like structures made of DNA and proteins found in the nucleus of cells. Humans typically have 46 chromosomes arranged in 23 pairs. They contain genes, the units of heredity that dictate traits and functions. Chromosomes ensure accurate DNA replication during cell division, allowing genetic information to be passed on. They play a crucial role in growth, development, and reproduction. Alterations in chromosome structure or number can lead to genetic disorders and diseases, highlighting their importance in both health and life sciences.