cellular signaling pathways

Cellular signaling pathways are communication networks within and between cells that regulate various functions, such as growth, metabolism, and responses to stimuli. They involve molecules like hormones and proteins that send signals, triggering a series of reactions to produce a specific outcome. Think of it as a relay race: one runner (a signaling molecule) passes the baton (the signal) to the next, activating various processes or responses in the cell. This complex interplay is crucial for maintaining health and responding to environmental changes. Disruptions in these pathways can lead to diseases like cancer or diabetes.