Cave ecosystems

Cave ecosystems are unique environments that develop in underground spaces, often formed by the erosion of rock. These ecosystems are characterized by total darkness, stable temperatures, and high humidity. They host specialized organisms, including bats, insects, and unique species like cave-dwelling fish and salamanders, which have adapted to the absence of light. Nutrients often come from organic material washed in from the surface. Cave ecosystems are sensitive to changes, making them crucial for biodiversity and important indicators of environmental health. They also hold significant cultural and geological value, representing millions of years of natural history.