Cartesian coordinates

Cartesian coordinates are a way to specify a point's location in space using two or three numerical values. In a flat, two-dimensional space, these are called (x, y). The x-value indicates how far along the horizontal axis the point is from a central reference line, while the y-value shows how far up or down it is from the same center. In three dimensions, an additional z-value specifies how far front or back the point is. Together, these coordinates provide a precise, standardized method for identifying positions in space, useful in fields like mathematics, engineering, and navigation.