Calculi (Urinary Tract Stones)

Calculi, commonly known as urinary tract stones, are hard deposits that form in the kidneys or urinary system. They are made up of minerals and salts, and can vary in size and composition. When these stones move through the urinary tract, they can cause pain, bleeding, or infection. Symptoms may include severe back or abdominal pain, difficulty urinating, and blood in the urine. Treatment options range from increased fluid intake and pain management to procedures that break up or remove the stones, depending on their size and location. Prevention often involves dietary changes and hydration.