Urolithiasis

Urolithiasis, commonly known as kidney stones, refers to the formation of hard mineral and salt deposits in the urinary system, particularly in the kidneys, ureters, bladder, or urethra. These stones can vary in size and may cause pain, infection, or blockages during urination. Factors contributing to their formation include dehydration, diet, and certain medical conditions. Symptoms often include sharp pain in the back or side, blood in urine, and difficulty passing urine. Treatment may involve increased hydration, pain management, and in some cases, procedures to break up or remove the stones.