Axum Kingdom

The Axum Kingdom, existing from around the 1st to the 7th century AD in present-day Ethiopia and Eritrea, was an influential ancient civilization. Known for its powerful trading empire, Axum was a major hub for commerce between the Mediterranean and India, facilitating the exchange of goods such as gold, ivory, and spices. The kingdom is notable for its monumental obelisks, representing royal tombs, and for adopting Christianity in the 4th century, becoming one of the first states to do so. Its unique script, Ge'ez, and contributions to art and architecture significantly shaped the region's cultural heritage.