Antarctic Treaty System

The Antarctic Treaty System is an international agreement that governs how countries use Antarctica. It promotes peaceful research, prohibits military activity, and bans mining to protect the environment. Signed in 1959 and in effect since 1961, it ensures Antarctica is used solely for scientific purposes and preserves its ecological integrity. The treaty encourages international cooperation, data sharing, and environmental stewardship, making Antarctica a global commons dedicated to peace and science rather than territorial claims or resource exploitation.