95 Theses

The 95 Theses were a list of questions and criticisms written by Martin Luther in 1517, challenging certain practices of the Catholic Church, especially the selling of indulgences—payments believed to reduce punishment for sins. Luther argued that salvation came through faith alone and that the church's methods were wrong. His Theses sparked widespread debate, leading to the Protestant Reformation, which ultimately changed the course of Christian history by promoting ideas of individual faith and challenging church authority.