2017 Catalan referendum

The 2017 Catalan referendum was an unofficial vote held on October 1 in Catalonia, a region in northeastern Spain, where many people sought independence. Despite being declared illegal by the Spanish government, which argued it violated the constitution, Catalan leaders proceeded with the vote, leading to clashes with police. Approximately 90% of participants favored independence, but turnout was low due to boycotts. The Spanish government did not recognize the results, escalating tensions between Catalonia and the Spanish state. This event highlighted deep political and cultural divisions in Spain regarding self-determination and regional autonomy.