X-ray fluorescence (XRF)

X-ray fluorescence (XRF) is a technique used to analyze the composition of materials. When a sample is exposed to X-rays, it absorbs the energy and then emits fluorescent X-rays. By measuring these emitted X-rays, scientists can determine which elements are present in the sample and in what amounts. This method is non-destructive, meaning the sample remains intact, making it valuable in fields like archaeology, environmental testing, and quality control in manufacturing. XRF is widely used for its speed, accuracy, and ability to analyze a variety of materials without the need for extensive sample preparation.