Volcanic forcing

Volcanic forcing refers to the impact that volcanic eruptions have on the Earth's climate and atmosphere. When a volcano erupts, it releases ash and gases, including sulfur dioxide, into the atmosphere. These particles can block sunlight, leading to short-term cooling of the Earth's surface. Additionally, the gases can form sulfuric acid droplets, which further contribute to this cooling effect. While volcanic eruptions are natural events, their influence on climate can last from a few days to several years, affecting weather patterns and temperatures worldwide.