Vertex Operator Algebras

Vertex operator algebras (VOAs) are mathematical structures that combine algebra and geometry to study two-dimensional conformal field theory and string theory. They consist of special algebraic objects called vertex operators, which encode symmetries and states of quantum fields. VOAs allow mathematicians and physicists to analyze patterns, create models, and explore the relationships between different types of mathematical objects. They have applications in various fields, including number theory and combinatorics, making them an important tool in modern mathematics and theoretical physics.