Vertex operator algebra (VOA) theory

Vertex operator algebra (VOA) theory is a mathematical framework that models symmetries and structures found in two-dimensional conformal field theories, which are important in physics and string theory. It combines algebraic operations with concepts from complex analysis, capturing how quantum states and particles interact and transform. Essentially, VOAs provide a rigorous way to encode the rules governing how certain infinite-dimensional symmetries work, connecting algebra, geometry, and physics to deepen our understanding of fundamental phenomena like particle interactions and string vibrations.