Thomas Kuhn (Structure of Scientific Revolutions)

Thomas Kuhn’s "The Structure of Scientific Revolutions" argues that science progresses through a series of paradigms—frameworks of understanding that guide research and thought within a field. Normal science operates within these paradigms, solving puzzles and refining theories. However, when anomalies arise that current paradigms cannot explain, a crisis occurs, leading to a scientific revolution where a new paradigm emerges. This shift fundamentally changes how scientific inquiry is conducted. Kuhn emphasizes that scientific progress is not a steady accumulation of knowledge but instead involves these transformative, often disruptive changes in perspective.