Kuhnian framework

The Kuhnian framework, developed by philosopher Thomas Kuhn, describes how scientific progress occurs through ongoing periods of "normal science" within prevailing theories, called paradigms. Gradually, anomalies—observations that don't fit the paradigm—accumulate, leading to a scientific crisis. This prompts a paradigm shift, where a new framework replaces the old, transforming how scientists understand the field. This cyclical process emphasizes that science advances not just through incremental discoveries but also through revolutionary changes that redefine foundational concepts and approaches.