The Social Identity Theory

Social Identity Theory is a psychological framework that explains how individuals categorize themselves and others into groups, such as based on race, nationality, or interests. People derive part of their self-esteem from their group memberships, leading to in-group favoritism—where they prefer and support their own group—often at the expense of out-groups. This can foster social cohesion within groups, but it may also result in prejudice or discrimination against those outside their group. Ultimately, the theory highlights the impact of group dynamics on behavior and attitudes in social contexts.