Testudo formation

The Testudo formation, used by ancient Roman soldiers, resembles a protective shell. Troops would align themselves in tight rows, overlapping their shields to form a strong, unified barrier against enemy attacks. Soldiers in the front would hold their shields in front, while those in the middle and back would lift theirs overhead, creating a solid cover from projectiles like arrows. This strategic formation allowed Roman legions to advance safely toward enemy lines, minimizing casualties while maintaining order and discipline during battles. Its effectiveness demonstrated the importance of teamwork and organization in military tactics.