Southern and Northern Dynasties

The Southern and Northern Dynasties (420-589 AD) refer to a period in ancient Chinese history marked by political division after the fall of the Eastern Jin Dynasty. The southern dynasties were ruled by Han Chinese and thrived in agriculture, culture, and trade. Meanwhile, the northern dynasties, dominated by non-Han peoples, experienced military expansion and cultural exchanges. This era was characterized by diverse governance, conflict, and significant developments in art, religion, and philosophy, ultimately leading to the reunification of China under the Sui Dynasty in 589 AD.