seafloor massive sulfides

Seafloor massive sulfides (SMS) are mineral-rich deposits found on the ocean floor, often near hydrothermal vents. They form when hot, mineral-laden water from the Earth’s interior meets cold seawater, causing minerals like copper, gold, and silver to precipitate and create dense, sulfide-rich structures. These deposits support unique ecosystems, hosting organisms that thrive in extreme conditions, relying on chemosynthesis rather than sunlight for energy. Due to their valuable minerals, SMS are of interest for deep-sea mining, raising discussions around environmental impacts and sustainability.