Rule 110

Rule 110 is a simple pattern-generating system from cellular automata, discovered by Stephen Wolfram. It involves a line of cells, each either "on" (1) or "off" (0), where the state of each cell in the next generation depends on its current state and the states of its two immediate neighbors. Specifically, it follows a set of rules that dictate how cells evolve over time. Remarkably, despite its simplicity, Rule 110 is capable of universal computation, meaning it can simulate any computation or complex system, making it an important concept in the study of complexity and computational theory.