Quantum Wells

Quantum wells are thin layers of semiconductor material that confine electrons in a very small space, typically just a few nanometers thick. This confinement creates quantized energy levels, meaning electrons can only occupy specific energy states, leading to unique optical and electronic properties. They are essential in modern technologies, including lasers, light-emitting diodes (LEDs), and high-speed transistors. By controlling the thickness and composition of the quantum well, engineers can design materials with tailored characteristics for various applications in electronics and photonics.