Quantum Theory of Fields

Quantum Field Theory (QFT) is a fundamental framework in physics that combines quantum mechanics and special relativity. It treats particles, like electrons and photons, not as individual points, but as excitations in underlying fields that exist throughout space. Each type of particle corresponds to a specific field; for example, the electromagnetic field relates to light. Interactions between particles occur through these fields, where they can create or annihilate particles. QFT is essential for understanding the behavior of matter and energy at very small scales and underpins the Standard Model of particle physics, explaining the fundamental forces and particles in the universe.