population theory

Population theory examines how and why populations grow, decrease, or stabilize over time, focusing on factors like birth rates, death rates, and migration. It explores concepts such as carrying capacity, which is the maximum population size an environment can sustain, and the demographic transition model, which describes how societies move from high birth and death rates to lower rates as they develop. Understanding population dynamics helps us address challenges like resource management, aging populations, and urbanization, informing policies for sustainable development and public health.