Photovoltaics

Photovoltaics is the technology that converts sunlight directly into electricity using solar cells. At the heart of this process are materials called semiconductors, like silicon, which absorb sunlight. When sunlight hits these materials, it excites electrons, freeing them and allowing them to flow, generating an electric current. This conversion relies on the interaction of light with the surface and internal structure of the semiconductor, where principles of surface physics come into play, affecting efficiency and performance. Essentially, photovoltaic technology harnesses sunlight to power our devices and homes in a clean, renewable way.