Penal codes

Penal codes are sets of laws that define criminal offenses and the penalties for those crimes within a legal jurisdiction. They provide a framework for what constitutes illegal behavior, such as theft, assault, or murder, and specify the consequences, like fines or imprisonment. Each state or country may have its own penal code, which helps ensure individuals know the laws and can be held accountable for violations. Essentially, penal codes serve to maintain order and protect society by establishing legal standards and repercussions for criminal actions.