Pauli principle

The Pauli Exclusion Principle is a fundamental concept in quantum mechanics that states that no two identical particles, such as electrons, can occupy the same quantum state within a quantum system simultaneously. This principle helps explain the structure of atoms and why matter has distinct properties. For instance, it leads to the arrangement of electrons in different energy levels around the nucleus, which ultimately determines how elements interact chemically. In essence, the Pauli principle is crucial for understanding the behavior of particles at a microscopic level and underpins the diversity of elements in the universe.