Pauli group

The Pauli group is a set of mathematical matrices used in quantum physics to describe certain operations on quantum bits (qubits). These matrices include three fundamental types: X (bit-flip), Z (phase-flip), and their combination Y, along with the identity matrix. They are important because they help scientists understand how qubits behave under basic manipulations, and they form a foundational framework for error correction and quantum algorithms. Essentially, the Pauli group provides a structured way to analyze and predict the effects of simple quantum operations.