pathogen biology

Pathogen biology studies organisms that cause diseases, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites. These pathogens invade hosts—such as humans, animals, or plants—and disrupt normal functions. They can reproduce rapidly, evade the immune system, and produce toxins. Understanding their life cycles, modes of transmission, and interactions with hosts helps in developing treatments and preventive measures, like vaccines. Research in this field is crucial for controlling outbreaks, understanding diseases, and improving public health strategies to protect communities from illness.