Normans in the Byzantine Empire

The Normans were originally Scandinavian Viking settlers who became known for their military prowess and territorial expansion. In the context of the Byzantine Empire, they were significant foes in the 11th century. Notably, in 1081, Norman leader Robert Guiscard invaded southern Italy and attempted to capture Byzantine territories. Their rivalry with the Byzantines illustrated shifting power dynamics in the Mediterranean, as the Normans sought to expand their influence while the Byzantine Empire faced challenges defending its borders. This interaction helped shape the political landscape of the region during the Middle Ages.