non-monotonic reasoning

Non-monotonic reasoning is a type of logic where the addition of new information can change our conclusions. Unlike traditional reasoning, where facts lead to definitive conclusions, non-monotonic reasoning allows for flexibility and reevaluation. For instance, if you learn that a bird can fly, you might conclude it's a robin. But if you later discover it’s a penguin, which cannot fly, you'd adjust your conclusion. This approach mirrors real-world thinking, where we often revise our beliefs based on new evidence, making it useful for handling incomplete or evolving knowledge.