multi-level perspective

The multi-level perspective (MLP) is a framework used to understand how changes in society and technology happen over time. It involves three layers: the niche level, where innovative ideas and practices begin; the regime level, which represents established systems and practices; and the landscape level, where broader societal factors and trends exist. Changes occur when innovations at the niche level disrupt existing regimes, influenced by pressures from the landscape. This perspective helps analyze how sustainable practices can emerge and spread, highlighting the interactions between different levels in driving transitions in various fields, like energy and transportation.