Monism

Monism is the philosophical view that only one kind of substance or reality exists, contrasting with dualism, which posits two distinct realms—such as mind and body. In the context of consciousness, monism suggests that mental states and physical states are fundamentally the same, or that everything is part of a single substance. This perspective addresses the "hard problem of consciousness," which questions how subjective experiences arise from physical processes. Monism implies that understanding the physical brain could ultimately explain consciousness, as both are not separate but rather interconnected aspects of the same reality.